Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder hesi case study – Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This HESI case study delves into the multifaceted aspects of ADHD, providing a comprehensive overview of its diagnosis, treatment, and educational implications.
The case study presents a detailed account of a patient’s journey through the ADHD diagnostic process, outlining the presenting symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and relevant medical and family history. The treatment plan section explores both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, discussing their mechanisms of action, potential side effects, and effectiveness.
Patient Assessment
The patient is a 9-year-old male who presents with a chief complaint of difficulty paying attention in school. His parents report that he has always been a very active and impulsive child, but his symptoms have become more pronounced in the past year.
He has difficulty sitting still in class, is easily distracted, and often interrupts others. He also has difficulty following instructions and completing tasks, and his grades have begun to decline.
Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD
The patient meets the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, predominantly inattentive type, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The DSM-5 criteria for ADHD include:
- A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
- Symptoms have been present for at least 6 months
- Several symptoms were present before the age of 12 years
- Symptoms are present in two or more settings (e.g., at home, school, or work)
- There is clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning
- The symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder
Medical and Family History, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder hesi case study
The patient has no significant medical history. His family history is notable for ADHD in his father and older brother.
FAQ Guide: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Hesi Case Study
What are the key diagnostic criteria for ADHD?
According to the DSM-5, ADHD is diagnosed based on the presence of persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning.
What are the different types of medications used to treat ADHD?
Commonly used medications for ADHD include stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamine), non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine, guanfacine), and antidepressants (e.g., bupropion).
What are the potential benefits of non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD?
Non-pharmacological interventions, such as behavioral therapy and cognitive training, can improve attention, reduce hyperactivity, and enhance executive functioning skills.
